Where Catholics saw charity and other acts as intrinsic to the faith, Protestant polemic denounced this as letting people buy a ticket to heaven through deeds when Christ had so clearly set down that He alone was the “the way, the truth, and the life”. by believing the correct theology), as opposed to through good works, as Catholics taught.
The Lutherans of the Holy Roman Empire had flirted with a populist approach to spreading their idea that salvation could be had by “by faith alone” (i.e. The Anabaptists drew on logical inferences in the teachings of Huldrych Zwingli, the Zurich Reformation leader killed with hundreds of his followers by a league of Catholic states in 1531, but the Swiss preacher personally was an unalterable foe of the Anabaptists, principally because their theology-by making baptism voluntary and the marker of belief-split the community into believers and non-believers, and Zwingli was as committed as the Roman Catholic Church to the idea of the whole society being within the Church. A more neutral descriptor would be Täufer (Baptiser). The sect refers to “believers’ baptism” its opponents see it “ re-baptising” people. Anabaptists believe that baptism should be a knowing pledge of faith and that child baptism is illegitimate, pointing to the fact that in the New Testament there is not a single infant baptism. The controversy with the Anabaptists begins with the name: it is a pseudo-Greek rendering of “re-baptisers”, a misrepresentation by critics of their theology. The experience had a profound influence not only on the development of Anabaptism thereafter, but on the manner in which the Reformation more generally unfolded.
In 1534, shortly after the onset of the Protestant Reformation, a radical sect from this new movement, the Anabaptists, seized the city of Munster in Germany and governed it for sixteen months as a millenarian cult in a manner so alarming it managed to bring together Catholic and Lutheran forces to put it down. Execution of Jan Beuckelszoon // Illustration in a book by Lambertus Hortensius
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